Lupoid onychodystrophy (LO) is a rare autoimmune disease that affects the nails of dogs. It causes nail bed degeneration, pain and discomfort.

LO is most common in middle-aged dogs, regardless of breed.

Causes.

The exact cause of LO is unknown, but the main factors include:

- Autoimmune reaction - the immune system attacks the nail bed.

- Genetic predisposition - Certain breeds, such as German Shepherds and Rottweilers, are more susceptible.

- Injuries and infections - mechanical injuries, bacterial or fungal infections can trigger the disease.

Symptoms.

Symptoms of LO vary in severity:

- Nail fragility, splitting and deformation.

- Nail detachment and loss.

- Pain, lameness, sensitivity of the paw.

- Inflammation, redness and suppuration of the nail bed.

- Secondary infections that worsen the condition.

Diagnosis.

Veterinarians use the following methods:

- Examination of the paws - assessment of nail changes and pain.

- Biopsy of the nail bed - accurate confirmation of the diagnosis.

- Microscopy - analysis for bacterial and fungal infections.

- Laboratory tests - determination of concomitant diseases.

- Radiography - exclusion of finger bone lesions.

Treatment.

LO is a chronic condition, so therapy is aimed at controlling symptoms: - Immunosuppressive drugs - corticosteroids, cyclosporine.

- Antibiotics and antifungals - for secondary infections.

- Painkillers - NSAIDs, gabapentin.

- Local treatment - antiseptic solutions, ointments.

- Diet and supplements - omega-3, biotin, zinc.

Care and prevention

- Regular nail trimming and paw cleaning.

- Avoiding injuries and contact with allergens.

- Early visit to the veterinarian at the first symptoms.

Although a complete cure for LO is not possible, proper care and therapy will help maintain your pet's quality of life!