Mammary tumors in cats and dogs are among the most common tumors in small pets, especially in unneutered females. They can be both benign and malignant. An important component of successful treatment is early detection and proper patient management.
Classification of breast tumors
- Benign: Adenomas, fibroadenomas, papillomas, myxomas
- Malignant: Carcinomas, sarcomas (less common), mixed tumors (e.g., carcinosarcomas)
Features in dogs and cats
In dogs
- More common than in cats.
- About 50% of tumors are malignant.
- They can be surgically removed, especially in the early stages.
In cats
- About 85-90% of tumors are malignant, often with metastasis.
- Castration before the first heat significantly reduces the risk of development.
- The prognosis is more cautious than in dogs.
Diagnosis
- Palpation (nodules, lumps, asymmetry)
- Histopathology - the gold standard
- X-ray / ultrasound of the chest and abdomen (to exclude metastases)
- Biochemical, complete blood count, coagulogram (assessment of general condition)
Treatment
Surgical treatment
- Removal of the tumor (local or mastectomy - unilateral / bilateral)
- Removal along with regional lymph nodes is necessary to determine the stage of the disease and plan further treatment.
Chemotherapy
- Used for malignant and/or metastatic tumors
Prognosis.
- Benign tumors: good after removal
- Malignant tumors: depends on the size, degree of invasion, presence of metastases
Prevention
- Neutering before the first heat (the most effective method of prevention)
- Regular veterinary examinations, especially at the age of 5+ years
- Avoidance of hormonal contraceptives