Cat allergies

Some people have mild allergic reactions, such as itching, rhinitis, or sneezing; others have severe skin reactions, and some may have severe asthma.

These reactions occur because the human immune system reacts to specific proteins (antigens) from animals or plants to make antibodies and/or other chemicals to protect the body. Antibodies and other immune responses are part of the body's normal defense mechanism designed to protect against foreign organisms such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites. However, in allergies, this immune response is overly abundant and often malfunctions (targeting proteins or antigens that are not truly harmful). During an allergic response, histamine can be inappropriately released from cells when exposed to an antigen, and this can cause irritation in the lungs, sinuses, skin, and other tissues - hence the common reactions of sneezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or itching.

What causes an allergic reaction to cats?

The main trigger for an allergic reaction to cats is proteins secreted in the saliva (Fel d 4) and sebaceous glands (Fel d 1) in the skin of all cats. These proteins can be found on the cat's fur because the cat licks itself and leaves saliva (which contains Fel d 4) on the hair, and similarly, secretions from the sebaceous glands (which contain Fel d 1) will also be on the fur. However, the allergy is not related to the hair itself. Fel d 4 is also excreted in urine and feces. All male cats produce the highest amounts of these proteins.

All cat breeds secrete allergens, but some may produce more than others. Although the reason is unclear, many people react more to long-haired cats - possibly because more allergens accumulate in the coat or accumulate due to more hair in the house.

How to reduce the impact of allergic reactions

If you have a cat and are allergic to it, a few steps can help reduce your exposure to Fel d 1 and the severity of your allergy:

• Keep the cat as far away from the bed and from the bedroom as possible
• Try to avoid keeping the cat in rooms with carpet (where hair can accumulate)
• Try to avoid using soft furniture (pillows, etc.)
• Frequent vacuuming or thorough cleaning with cleaning products is necessary
• Make sure the house is well ventilated
• Use air purifiers
• Wash your hands thoroughly after contact with a cat

Your doctor can help diagnose whether you are allergic to cats and, in severe cases, prescribe medications that can help ease the severity of reactions. Antihistamines are usually the mainstay of treatment. An inhaler and even steroids are sometimes needed for more severe cases. Always seek the advice of your doctor before using any medication.